This year marks the 70th anniversary of the United Nations peacekeeping mission in the world. An overview for that.
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This year marks the 70th anniversary of the United Nations peacekeeping mission in the world. Success in this endeavor is limited by local circumstances and political instability. Yet to this day this organization has played an important role in peacekeeping in many places. Shantisena was also awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for this incomparable work. But the changing world conditions today have created new challenges for this work. Therefore, there is an urgent need to restructure this important work of the United Nations in a new way.
There are four basic principles of this peace effort undertaken by the United Nations: Permission of those countries, 2. Impartiality, 3. Not to use force unless self-defense is required, 4. Honest implementation of the given task of peacekeeping. If you want to show the characteristics of this organization which has been involved in peacekeeping operations all over the world, it is that this work is being done in a completely valid international manner.
Military forces are deployed around the world according to the division of responsibilities among all member countries. They have to carry out many responsibilities in coordination with the civil volunteers working for peace. This leads to numerous problems. On occasion, these peacekeepers also have to sacrifice their lives. This organization, which is in its seventies today, needs to be reconsidered and its concept of peacemaking revisited.
How did the United Nations start its peace efforts?
The Cold War had torn apart two member states, and the work of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) had stalled. In such a situation, the establishment of such an international armed force was absolutely necessary to establish peace in the troubled countries. When the Arab-Israeli war broke out in 1948, the United Nations sent its first peacekeeping mission to West Asia in May of that year. Although the observers were from the military, they were not armed. He was tasked with keeping abreast of the local situation, informing the organization and creating an atmosphere of trust between the people on both sides.
When the Suez Canal issue erupted in 1956, the United Nations immediately sent the first armed peacekeeping force. When chaos broke out in Congo in 1960, the first large-scale peacekeeping force of 20,000 troops was sent. Thus far, the United Nations has carried out more than 70 armed peacekeeping operations. In all, thousands of soldiers and countless UN police officers and civilians have taken part in peacekeeping operations in more than 120 countries.
The level of conflict facing the organization, which was set up to establish international peace, is no longer confined to the war-torn situation in some countries, but is now responsible for resolving disputes such as domestic uprisings and anarchy.
To date, the United Nations peacekeepers have been expected to perform beyond their means. And now the organization is also working on a variety of complex issues across the country. For example, to set the standard for a politically stable state, to take care of human rights, to consider international defense reforms, and to disarm rebels in war-torn countries, as well as to prepare local people and armies to deal with insurgents. But the number of civilian and military casualties is increasing day by day as the peacekeepers working in such conditions are not getting adequate equipment. Therefore, the Security Council has to limit the work of its peacekeepers for the time being.
Today, a total of 14 UN peacekeeping missions are operating in four countries. But the challenges facing these teams have not diminished. Considering most of these situations, the United Nations has now begun to make major improvements in the work of all its peacekeeping teams.
Expected improvements
One of the biggest challenges facing the United Nations peacekeeping force today is the differences between developed countries in the North, such as the United States, and developing countries in the South, such as India, the African continent, and so on. Moreover, the roles of the countries on these two shores are never compatible. Southern countries, for example, say peace efforts need to be stepped up, and northern countries are not showing enough interest in resolving instability in countries such as Rwanda, Syria, Leon and Congo. But similarly, the same southern countries allege that the northern countries are interfering in many countries to establish their dominance over the world.
Another tragedy of the northern countries is that they are reluctant to send troops and equipment to the United Nations because of the obstacles in the peace process. Again they have no special interest in providing the funds needed to improve this work. However, the North is expected to expand its peacekeeping operations, while the South fears that this could jeopardize its sovereignty. Adequate facilities and equipment are demanded from those who work as peacekeepers. Southern nations say that if money is spent on such wars, programs like poverty alleviation will not have enough money and resources.
Members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) have also been accused of being interested in working in countries that they find geographically advantageous and convenient, and of ignoring the rest of the troubled world. Secretary General Antonio Guterres announced the Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative on March 28, 2018, instructing all member states to reaffirm their commitment to work together with themselves and other countries to address this global issue. To be fixed.
UN peacekeepers have often been criticized for failing to protect vulnerable citizens in troubled countries. A great example of this is South Sudan, where people have repeatedly sent messages to seek help from peacekeepers in the event of an attack, but no one has rushed to their aid. And that place was only a mile away from the place of the peacekeepers.
According to UN Security Council Resolution 2272, the peacekeepers will now be held accountable for any sexual misconduct they may have inflicted on the local population. The United States has introduced a new proposal to speed up the peace process. In which it is proposed to give priority to three things, 1) If the Security Council and the countries involved in the problem fail in the peace process, it will be mandatory to submit the information within the stipulated time and in a transparent manner. 2) In case of failure in a mission, a thorough investigation should be carried out to find out who is responsible for it and also a policy of encouragement should be adopted if the assigned responsibility is fulfilled.
India's participation in the peace process
India has been involved in the United Nations peacekeeping efforts from the very beginning. To give the first example, India positively supported and participated in the UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) set up by the United Nations to resolve the Kashmir issue after the Indo-Pakistani war in 1948. Then when the United Nations took the initiative to resolve the issue of the Korean ceasefire, India had supplied medical teams and medicines from us. Thus, India has participated in a total of 49 peacekeepers. In which more than 208,000 Indian soldiers were directly involved. To date, 156 Indians have laid down their lives in various peacekeeping units.
This is the largest number of Indian martyrs among the member countries cooperating militarily. India has a policy of providing all modern facilities for the training of its personnel participating in this team. According to him, a training center has also been set up in Delhi under the name 'Center for UN Peacekeeping'. The Center has been working for the last twenty years as a link between international peacekeeping programs under the International Peacekeeping Institutes. And it is now known globally as one of the most important organizations in the field. United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has praised India's performance in global peace efforts, saying "it is not enough."
India has always insisted on improving the functioning of peacekeepers at the international level. India also wants us to play a more central role in the decision-making process. India is of the view that peacekeepers should be better trained in this field.
India is opposed to the deployment of large numbers of troops in this peace process. But India feels that more funding is needed for this work. India has said that the Security Council (UNSC) should send a peacekeeping team within 30 days to resolve the issue of chaos in any country or that the decision should not take more than 90 days. India has also called for the involvement of experts in the field in peacekeeping operations to meet the new challenges that lie ahead. Similarly, India needs a policy to provide safe passage for peacekeepers stranded in war-torn areas.
India's role is crucial in the reforms that are expected in this UN peacekeeping mission. The Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) manifesto, which the key members of the United Nations have agreed to implement jointly on this issue, highlights the urgency of reforms in a number of key areas. These include the safety of those involved in peacekeeping operations, the need for them to act responsibly, the question of the absolute security of the locals, and the political solution to the overall problem. Thus, the addition of political will to this peace-building effort has been given priority. Taking advantage of India's growing influence around the world today, if India takes the lead in all this, it will be a great boost to the work of the United Nations.
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