Despite the declining number of government jobs today, 80% of the country's youth tend to get government jobs. What to do with this unemployment question.
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It was hoped that the recently presented interim budget would have some concrete provisions on employment. But there was no mention of it in this budget. The country's finance minister has said nothing about jobs and unemployment. People have no idea about the rate of job creation in the country. So how will the government guarantee jobs for the country's growing unemployed? This has become a simple question.
If , according to undeclared NSSO figures, India's unemployment rate has indeed risen to 6.1% in 45 years, providing employment to the youth in the organized sector should be the most important policy of the government at present. According to a study by CMIE, a highly regarded private think tank, the unemployment rate in India has reached 7.8 per cent. According to research by both NSSO and CMIE, the youth unemployment rate is huge compared to the total population of the country and therefore needs to be addressed. Today's young generation will play an important role in the upcoming general elections, but at the same time, this generation is also the future of the country.
According to the NSSO report, in rural areas , the unemployment rate was 17.4% for men aged 15-28 years and 13.6% for women. In urban areas, the unemployment rate was 18.7% for males and 27.2% for females. In rural areas, unemployment was 10.5% among young and educated men and 17.3% among educated women.
Today, in rural areas, the majority of job seekers are young people who have passed eighth or failed tenth. Despite the availability of many jobs, young people are becoming ineligible due to lack of skills.
Today, in rural areas, the majority of job seekers are young people who have passed eighth or failed tenth. Despite the availability of many jobs, young people are becoming ineligible due to lack of skills. Due to lack of skills required for the job, even college graduates are becoming ineligible for various jobs. Today, there are a total of 282 private universities in the country and these students are trying to get jobs by graduating from them. Some of these private universities do not even have good teaching methods. These universities are awarding degrees without proper assessment of education and skills.
Although teaching methods are good in government-aided state-run universities like IITs and IIMs, it is difficult to get admission there. The number of students there is also limited. The ratio of young people entering India for higher education is around 25 per 100, 93 per cent in South Korea and 48 per 100 in China. The rate of educated unemployment in India is higher than that of the uneducated, as educated youth are reluctant to take up secondary jobs in the informal sector and in factories.
There is an urgent need to start various 'skills training programs' in cities and villages for the unskilled class in need of employment. Students who are trained in this should be able to find jobs. The National Skills Development Corporation (NSDC) should undertake various programs to impart skill education to the youth of India. Today, millions of young people in the country are trying to get employment through these programs. Similarly, many states are educating the youth through programs run by the Central Government under the Prime Minister's Skill Development Scheme (PMKVY).
Of the 14,000 industrial training institutes affiliated to the National Council for Vocational Training, 84% are operating in the private sector. Even though these private institutes are imparting skillful training, their credentials are not very important as the standard of education is not very good. Their education system should be properly regulated and there should be training at the level of government institutions.
There is a discrepancy between the education offered by the Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) and the demand for employment in the industrial sector. Because only 20% of ITI students are getting jobs.
Similarly, there is an urgent need to increase the funding available to state level universities, as their teaching methods are of excellent quality. Students graduating from these universities can get jobs in the academic sector, corporate sector and public sector.
On the other hand, employment opportunities for unemployed youth should be increased in the industrial, agricultural and service sectors. The public sector plays an important role in providing employment to the youth. Despite the declining number of government jobs today, 80% of the rural and urban youth in the country are inclined to get government jobs.
The number of jobs directly in central government accounts and in various departments has also declined by 89 per cent. There are many reasons for the decline in job opportunities, but the most important is that since the economic liberalization of 1991, the share of the public sector in providing employment has been declining and instead the share of the private sector has been increasing.
Employment opportunities in the private and corporate sectors have also declined as there has been no growth in the industrial and export sectors over the past year. At the same time, despite the increase in production processes, companies appear to be using capital-intensive systems more than labor-intensive techniques. This is because the total cost of labor is high and companies are forced to retain workers in adverse times. Flexibility in production can be maintained on the basis of automated technology, which is why companies opt for this technology.
The IT-BPM industry in the service sector is declining, which can be used to predict the structural changes taking place in the IT sector. This raises doubts about employment opportunities in the service sector.
According to a report by Azim Premji University, a 10% increase in GDP is equivalent to a 1% increase in employment. About 30% of job seekers work on a contract basis. Most of the employees (about 51%) live on self-employment. Today there is a need to provide proper entrepreneurship training and financial assistance to young people who want to start their own start-ups. The government can also help them in the form of technical and management training.
In the field of agriculture too, the youth should be given other types of lucrative and sustainable jobs besides 'agriculture'. There should be an increase in government investment in the agricultural sector, which can further improve infrastructure. Regular availability of energy and water in rural areas will increase private investment in various sectors such as food processing industries as well as textile and handicraft industries in these areas.
The government needs to take measures like the National Employment Policy to address the employment problems facing the youth.
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