In 1979, China adopted a policy of population control. But today this policy is likely to age China before it gets rich.
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In 1979, China adopted a policy of population control. Huge population was considered to be the biggest obstacle to development. So this was done with the aim of raising the living standards of the people. To date, many have studied this. The study reports that a single birth control policy has prevented China from preventing about 400 million births. Although the policy was strictly enforced, the government allowed the country's ethnic minorities to have more children. Many rich people were also given this concession by imposing financial penalties. But today, this one-child policy has had long-term effects on Chinese society. The Chinese government brought birth rates under control, but, as a result, the sex ratio deteriorated (due to preference for male offspring) and brought China to a point where China is likely to age before it becomes rich.
According to official data released by the Chinese Ministry of Health in March 2013, Chinese doctors have performed 330 million abortions and 196 million contraceptive surgeries since 1971. Due to this policy, the situation of the families became 4: 2: 1. In other words, the two earning families are husband and wife (2), both parents (4) and their offspring (1). This led to an increase in the number of people who depended on people of working age. On the other hand, the growing number of elderly people has also increased the stress on the economy.
According to some estimates, the predominance of men in Chinese society led to the loss of about 62 million women through feticide and gender discrimination. It is believed that since 2012, China's population advantage has been declining due to the decline in skilled workers. In 2013, there were 16 people working as helpers for 100 elderly people, but by 2050 this number is expected to increase to 64.
The invading population is having a negative impact on the economy, and the Chinese government has relaxed a child policy in an effort to address it. The rate of reproduction should be 2.1 to prevent population growth and stability in the population. But in China, as it is on the verge of going down, the government has decided to relax the policy. The influx of population will also affect the growth of the economy.
According to the report, by 2050, more than a quarter of the Chinese population will be 65 years old. It has therefore made it mandatory for the government to repeal an offspring policy. After nearly 40 years of restrictions on birth rates, China adopted a two-child policy on January 1, 2016. Not surprisingly, President Xi Jinping did not use the word "family planning" in the 2017 party congress, and the word "birth control" was not mentioned in the party's work report after nearly three decades. Couples who have more children should be given some tax relief by the government.
The government hopes the change will help the Chinese population grow. Wang Peiyan, deputy minister of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, said in 2015 that "birth rates will increase in the short term and 76% of newborns will be born in urban areas." However, the results do not look positive. Because raising a child is expensive, a large number of working women are reluctant to have a second child. Birth rates throughout China have been steadily declining, according to the National Bureau of Statistics. It increased from 17.86 million in 2016 to 15.23 million in 2018.
This is the lowest birth rate since the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRP) in 1949. Chinese officials expected a change in policy to increase the birth rate by 21 to 23 million.
According to Chen Yohua, a demographer at Nanjing University, the severity of the one-child policy of the 1990s has led to a decline in the number of girls of childbearing age. Also, in affluent areas, childcare is expensive and very few women want a second child. When the policy changed in 2013, only 5% of women of childbearing age in Shanghai applied for a second child, according to the Department of Family Planning.
According to a survey by the All China Women's Federation, in the second half of 2016 (10,000 samples from 10 counties in China), about 54% of people were not eager to have a second child. The trend was similar in the most densely populated counties in China. How the birth rate in Shondong County is declining from 1.75 million in 2017 to 1.33 million in 2018?
People with more than two children are still being punished by the Chinese government for trying to recover from the declining population. If a couple with a third child does not pay the social care fee of Rs 9,500, their bank account is frozen.
Such actions discourage people from having more children. All this shows that the expected effect of exemption in the rule of child birth is not seen. But there has been a big change in China's propaganda system. He is now appealing to Chinese citizens to have children for the country.
It is a fact that policy change has not changed much in terms of population growth. So the government is likely to remove all restrictions on family planning. Since 2016, China has been signaling a change in population policy. In 2016, the government issued a stamp. According to the Chinese system, the symbol of that year was the monkey. So the stamp showed two little monkeys kissing their parents. Also the sign for 2019 is the pig. It has a stamp stating that three piglets are kissing their parents. This may indicate a change, but at the same time the Chinese government is expressing the possibility and concern of penalizing people for not having children.
Beijing, meanwhile, is expected to lift restrictions on family control; However, no official announcement has been made yet. The government will abandon the concept of family planning by changing the civil law and the draft of this new law is likely to be discussed and agreed before a parliamentary committee by March 2020. This will remove restrictions on the number of births.
There is a huge concern that the Chinese government is going to repeal a child policy and move towards giving citizens the right to decide how many children they want. According to Chen Jian, former head of the National Family Planning Commission, the question of China's population is a major obstacle to President Xi Jinping's ambition to develop China as a modern country by 2035.
The age of the rapidly growing population also puts a strain on pensions, old age homes and better care for the elderly. The government will have to invest more in these areas, diverting funds from infrastructure and consumer products.
According to some estimates, by 2020, Beijing will have a pension deficit of up to рел 540 billion. Some thinkers argue that the only way to cope with these changes is to raise the retirement age. In addition, Dr. Yi and Su Jian say China's population will begin to decline from 2018. At the same time, Xi wants to see China move in the direction of a booming economy. Therefore, it is mandatory for them to plan measures for the declining population.
The current population figures underscore that growth slows population growth. Therefore, questions have been raised about the introduction of a child policy and its implementation. But the big challenge for the government right now is to stop the declining birth rate and try to increase it. It is also said that if China's population continues to decline, it will have a negative impact on the world economy as a whole. China is the second largest economy in the world in terms of population. If the age of the working population continues to decline, it will affect growth at all levels.
Economic growth is essential for peace and stability, as well as the CPC's legitimacy to stay in power. Under Xi's leadership, China has adopted a stronger and more out-of-control policy. But if population challenges continue to plague domestic growth, it will have a negative impact on China's policy. The government is trying to find a solution to this problem. However only time will demonstrate how successful those plans are. It is difficult to ignore the fact that one of the major challenges facing the party is the population.
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